Freshwater is essential for life, yet its availability is under threat from climate change, pollution and overuse. Governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide are taking bold steps to protect freshwater resources for future generations.
Here are some of the most transformative initiatives in freshwater conservation.
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1. Okavango Wilderness Project
The Okavango Wilderness Project, led by the National Geographic Society in collaboration with the Wild Bird Trust, is dedicated to preserving the Okavango Delta and its surrounding river systems. The Okavango Delta in Botswana is one of the largest inland freshwater deltas, supporting a wealth of biodiversity and providing water for over a million people across Southern Africa. The OWP works to document the ecosystems, protect wildlife and engage local communities in sustainable management of the critical resource.
Since its inception, the project has explored remote and untouched areas of the Okavango River Basin, spanning Angola, Namibia and Botswana. This work has led to the discovery of new species and critical data on the region’s ecosystems. Additionally, the project has successfully advocated for the designation of new protected areas in Angola, safeguarding critical headwaters of the delta. By focusing on scientific research and local engagement, the OWP aims to ensure the long-term health of this vital freshwater system.
One of the key aspects of this project is its commitment to education and awareness. By training local conservationists and producing engaging media about the Okavango Delta’s importance, the OWP amplifies the global understanding of the link between healthy ecosystems and water security. This holistic approach strengthens ecological protection and community livelihoods.
2. The Freshwater Challenge
Launched at the United Nations 2023 Water Conference, The Freshwater Challenge is the largest global initiative focused on freshwater restoration. Its goal is to restore more than 180,000 miles of degraded rivers and over 864 million acres of wetlands by 2030.
The initiative aims to address the alarming loss of these ecosystems, which have been disappearing faster than forests in recent decades. Countries like Columbia, Mexico and Zambia were among the first to commit, showcasing their dedication to integrating freshwater conservation into national development plans.
This challenge prioritizes collaboration across sectors, engaging agriculture, energy, urban planning and local communities. By restoring wetlands and reconnecting rivers to floodplains, the initiative enhances biodiversity, improves water quality and bolsters resilience against droughts and floods. With the active involvement of global organizations like WWF and The Nature Conservancy, it also seeks to unlock significant investments to make conservation a central tenet of economic planning.
3. The Nature Conservancy’s Water Funds
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) uses Water Funds to connect upstream conservation efforts with downstream water users. These funds provide financial mechanisms for sustainable watershed management in regions that depend heavily on freshwater for agriculture, hydropower and drinking water. TNC has already established more than 40 Water Funds across Latin America, Asia and Africa, covering critical ecosystems like Columbia’s Chingaza Massif and Kenya’s Tana River Basin.
One key aspect of these funds is their focus on local partnerships. TNC collaborates with farmers to implement eco-friendly practices, such as reduced pesticide use and sustainable irrigation, which protect water quality. In cities like Sao Paulo, Brazil, the funds ensure that urban populations have reliable access to clean water, proving that conservation and economic development can go hand in hand.
4. America the Beautiful Freshwater Challenge
Building on the global Freshwater Challenge, the U.S. launched its own national program in 2024 to restore 8 million acres of wetlands and 100,000 miles of rivers and streams by 2030. This initiative seeks to reverse the environmental damage caused by agricultural runoff, urbanization and climate-induced droughts. By focusing on rivers like the Rio Grande, it aims to enhance water availability for nature and communities.
The effort is grounded in nature-based solutions. For example, replanting native vegetation along riverbanks reduces erosion while improving water filtration. Additionally, floodplain reconnection projects mitigate the risks of extreme weather events. The initiative also emphasizes public-private partnerships and local stakeholder engagement, making it a model for other nations looking to address their freshwater challenges.
5. UNESCO’s World Water Assessment Program (WWAP)
Since 2000, UNESCO’s WWAP has been a global think tank for freshwater issues, compiling data and developing tools to help countries monitor and manage water resources. By providing actionable insights, the program supports sustainable water usage and equitable access, particularly in regions facing severe shortages. It’s instrumental in advancing the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 6, which ensures water availability and sanitation for all.
WWAP also addresses the socio-economic dimensions of water scarcity. It highlights the role of freshwater in reducing poverty, promoting education and fostering gender equality. By framing water conservation as a human rights issue, the program mobilizes political and financial resources to create lasting change.
6. Perpetual Planet Expeditions
Launched in partnership with Rolex, National Geographic’s Perpetual Planet Expeditions are a series of research missions that explore the planet’s critical ecosystems, including freshwater sources. These expeditions aim to document the impact of climate change on water systems and provide the data needed to guide conservation efforts. A key focus has been the glaciers, rivers and wetlands that feed the world’s major freshwater basins, such as the Ganges and Amazon.
One notable expedition explored the headwaters of the Amazon River. Researchers documented the impacts of deforestation and climate change on the river system, highlighting the urgency of protecting upstream ecosystems. Another mission studied the glaciers in the Himalayas, often referred to as the “Third Pole,” which are melting at alarming rates due to rising global temperatures. These glaciers are the source of freshwater for billions of people across Asia.
The Perpetual Planet Expeditions emphasizes technology and innovation. By using tools like satellite imagery, drones and real time sensors, researchers can monitor changes in freshwater systems with unprecedented accuracy. The program’s findings are shared with policymakers, conservation groups and the public, ensuring that the data drives meaningful action to preserve freshwater ecosystems.
What Can You Do?
While large-scale projects and government initiatives are crucial to conserving water, individual actions are vital in protecting this precious resource. The average person can significantly reduce their water footprint by adopting mindful habits and making small changes at home.
1. Practice Water-Wise Habits
Simply being mindful of when you’re using water can lead to substantial savings. For instance, turning off the tap when you aren’t using it can conserve up to 8 gallons of water per person daily.
Over a year, this seemingly minor change adds up to thousands of gallons saved. Similarly, fixing leaks — like that dripping tap or running toilet — can prevent unnecessary water loss.
2. Optimize Water Use
Upgrading to water-efficiency appliances, such as low-flow showerheads and dual-flush toilets, can significantly reduce water consumption without sacrificing convenience. It’s also a good idea to shower instead of bathing or limit the time you spend in the shower.
Additionally, when running the dishwasher or washing machines, wait until you have a full load. This practice maximizes efficiency and cuts down on unnecessary water use.
3. Be Conscious Outdoors
Watering lawns and gardens wisely can save a surprising amount of water. Consider watering early in the day or late in the evening to prevent evaporation. Installing a rain barrel to collect runoff for outdoor use is another great way to conserve water while letting your garden thrive.
The world is rallying in innovative ways to conserve freshwater, from large-scale restoration efforts to groundbreaking expeditions. These initiatives demonstrate the collective power of science, policy and community to protect water resources and ensure their availability for future generations.
However, the responsibility doesn’t rest solely on governments or organizations. Each person plays a critical role in this effort.